Description
SOCRATIC PROBLEM SOLVING APPROACH https://campus.capella.edu/web/critical-thinking/b…
•
Create a 3-5-page annotated bibliography and summary based on your research related to best
practices addressing a current health care problem or issue of interest to you.
In your professional life you will need to find credible evidence to support your decisions and your plans
of action. You will want to keep abreast of best practices to help your organization adapt to the everchanging health care environment. Being adept at research will help you find the information you need.
For this assessment, you will select and research a current health care problem or issue faced by a
health care organization.
Demonstration of Proficiency
Instructions
Note: The requirements outlined below correspond to the grading criteria in the scoring guide. At a
minimum, be sure to address each point. In addition, you are encouraged to review the performance
level descriptions for each criterion to see how your work will be assessed.
For this assessment, you will research best practices related to a current health care problem. Your
selected problem or issue will be utilized again in Assessment 3. To explore your chosen topic, you
should use the first two steps of the Socratic Problem-Solving Approach to aid your critical thinking.
1.
View the Assessment Topic Areas | Transcript media piece and select one of the health care
problems or issues in the media piece to research. Write a brief overview of the selected topic. In your
overview:
0. Describe the health care problem or issue.
1. Describe your interest in the topic.
2. Describe any professional experience you have with this topic.
2.
Conduct a search for scholarly or academic peer-reviewed literature related to the topic and
describe the criteria you used to search for articles, including the names of the databases you used.
0. You will want to access the applicable Undergraduate Library Research Guide
related to your degree (found at the NHS Learner Success Lab) for tips to help
you in your search.
1. Use keywords related to the health care problem or issue you are researching to
select relevant articles.
3.
Assess the credibility of the information sources you find.
0. Determine if the source is from an academic peer-reviewed journal.
1. Determine if the publication is current.
2. Determine if information in the academic peer-reviewed journal article is still
relevant.
4.
Select four current scholarly or academic peer-reviewed journal articles published during the
past three to five years that relate to your topic.
5.
Explain the relevance of the information sources.
0. Describe how the health care problem or issue is addressed in each source.
1. Discuss what kind of contribution each source provides on your selected topic.
6.
Analyze the scholarly literature or academic peer-reviewed journal articles using the annotated
bibliography organizational format.
0. The purpose of an annotated bibliography is to document a list of references
along with key information about each one. The detail about the reference is
the annotation. Developing this annotated bibliography will create a foundation
of knowledge about the selected topic.
1. List the full reference for the source in APA format (author, date, title, publisher,
et cetera) and use APA format for the annotated bibliography.
2. Make sure the references are listed in alphabetical order, are double-spaced,
and use hanging indents.
3. Follow the reference with the annotation.
7.
In your annotation:
0. Identify the purpose of the article.
1. Summarize the source:
o
What are the main arguments?
o
What topics are covered?
2. Include the conclusions and findings of the article.
3. Write your annotation in a paragraph form. The annotation should be
approximately 150 words (1 to 3 paragraphs) in length.
8.
In a separate paragraph or two at the end of the paper, summarize what you learned from your
research.
0. List the main points you learned from your research.
1. Summarize the main contributions of the sources you chose and how they
enhanced your knowledge about the topic.
Example Assessment: You may use the following to give you an idea of what a Proficient or higher rating
on the scoring guide would look like:
•
Assessment 2 Example [PDF].
Additional Requirements
10. Length: At least 3–5 typed, double-spaced pages, not including the title page and
reference page.
11. Font and font size: Times New Roman, 12 point.
12. APA Template: Use the APA template linked in the resources. Use the APA Style Paper
Template [DOCX] as the paper format and the APA Style Paper Tutorial [DOCX] for
guidance.
13. Written communication: Write clearly and logically, with correct use of spelling,
grammar, punctuation, and mechanics.
14. Content: Provide a title page and reference page following APA style.
15. References: Use at least four scholarly or academic peer-reviewed journal articles.
16. APA format: Follow current APA guidelines for in-text citation of outside sources in the
body of your paper and also on the reference page.
Note: Review the Applying Research Skills Scoring Guide for the grading criteria applied to this
assessment.
Assessment Topic Areas
Selecting a topic for your written assessments can be challenging, but it’s important to make a
thoughtful choice.
Choose a topic area of interest to you from the topic suggestions in this media piece. You will use this
topic to complete Assessments 2 and 3. Be sure to select a topic that will be manageable for a written
assessment.
To explore the chosen topic, you should use the Socratic Problem-Solving Approach, focusing on the
sections specifically called out in the assessment guidelines.
Topic 1: Limited Access to Healthcare
Short Description:
Consumers face barriers to healthcare access for assorted reasons. For example: due to geographic
location, provider availability, transportation issues and mobility.
Potential Intervention Approaches:
•
Healthcare information online
•
Telemedicine
•
In–home healthcare services
Keywords for Articles:
online health information seeking, health care access, health information systems, consumer health
information, chronic disease, health information search, health seeking behavior, rural nursing
References:
Bhandari, N. (2014). Seeking health information online: does limited healthcare access matter? Journal
of the American Medical Informatics Association: JAMIA (1067-5027), 21 (6), p. 1113. https://www-ncbinlm-nih-gov.library.capella.edu/pmc/articles/PMC4215038/
Lee, K., Hoti, K., Hughes, J. D., & Emmerton, L. (2014). Dr Google and the Consumer: A Qualitative Study
Exploring the Navigational Needs and Online Health Information-Seeking Behaviors of Consumers with
Chronic Health Conditions. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 16(12), e262.
http://doi.org.library.capella.edu/10.2196/jmir.3706
Ware, P., Bartlett, S. J., Paré, G., Symeonidis, I., Tannenbaum, C., Bartlett, G., … Ahmed, S. (2017). Using
eHealth Technologies: Interests, Preferences, and Concerns of Older Adults. Interactive Journal of
Medical Research, 6(1), e3. http://doi.org.library.capella.edu/10.2196/ijmr.4447
Pratt, D. (2015). Telehealth and telemedicine. Albany Law Journal of Science & Technology. (1059-4280),
25 (3), p. 495.
http://www.lexisnexis.com.library.capella.edu/hottopics/lnacademic/?shr=t&csi=148364&sr=TITLE(%22
Telehealth+telemedicine+in+2015%22)+and+date+is+2015
Topic 2: Healthcare Disparities
Short Description:
In 2010, the Federal Department of Human and Health Service (DHHS) launched the Healthy People
2020 goals to include a goal to eliminate health inequality/disparity. Healthy People 2020 defines a
health disparity as “a particular type of health difference that is closely linked with social, economic,
and/or environmental disadvantage. Health disparities adversely affect groups of people who have
systematically experienced greater obstacles to health based on their racial or ethnic group; religion;
socioeconomic status; gender; age; mental health; cognitive, sensory, or physical disability; sexual
orientation or gender identity; geographic location; or other characteristics historically linked to
discrimination or exclusion” (Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 2017, p.1).
Potential Intervention Approaches:
•
Federal goals
•
Community health improvement plans
•
Patient advocacy efforts
•
“Triple Aim” for populations
Keywords for Articles:
health disparities, community health assessment, community health improvement plan, strategic
planning, local health departments, health inequities
References:
Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (2017). Disparities. Retrieved from
https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/about/foundation-health-measures/disparities
Shah G.H., & Sheahan J.P. (2016). Local health departments’ activities to address health disparities and
inequities: Are we moving in the right direction? International Journal of Environmental Research and
Public Health. 2016; 13(1):44. http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/13/1/44
Institute for Healthcare Improvement. (2017). Triple Aim for Populations.
http://www.ihi.org/Topics/TripleAim/Pages/Overview.aspx
Topic 3: Medication Errors
Short Description:
A medication error is a preventable adverse effect of a patient taking the wrong medication or dosage,
whether or not it is evident or harmful to the patient. Medication errors can be a source of serious
patient harm, including death.
Potential Intervention Approaches:
•
Medical staff education
•
Packaging improvements
•
Patient medication safety training
Keywords for Articles:
medication administration, medication errors, medication safety
References:
Cohen, M. (2016). Medication errors (miscellaneous). Nursing. 46(2):72, February 2016. DOI:
10.1097/01.NURSE.0000476239.09094.06
Institute for Healthcare Improvement. (2017). Improve Core Processes for Administering Medications.
http://www.ihi.org/resources/Pages/Changes/ImproveCoreProcessesforAdministeringMedications.aspx
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2012). Table 6: Categories of Medication Error
Classification. http://www.ahrq.gov/professionals/quality-patient-safety/patient-safetyresources/resources/match/matchtab6.html
Schmidt, K., Taylor, A., & Pearson, A. (2017). Reduction of medication errors: A unique approach. Journal
of Nursing Care Quality. 32(2), April/June 2017, 150–156.
Topic 4: Healthcare System Errors
Short Description:
The health care system in the United States has been the subject of much debate as experts try to
determine the best way to deliver high-quality care. In Crossing the Quality Chasm, the Institute of
Medicine (2001) called for the redesign of health care delivery systems and their external environments
to promote care that is safe, effective, patient-centered, timely, efficient, and equitable.
Potential Intervention Approaches:
•
Systemwide transformation
•
Process redesign
•
Electronic health records
Keywords for Articles:
multi-stakeholder collaboration, healthcare system redesign
References:
Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Quality of Health Care in America. (2001). Crossing the Quality
Chasm: A New Health System for the 21st Century. Washington (DC): National Academies Press
(US).Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2017). Hospitals and Health Systems.
http://www.ahrq.gov/professionals/systems/index.html
Roberts, B. (2017). Relationship-based care: The institute of medicine’s core competencies in action.
Creative Nursing, 05/2016, 22(2).
Credits
Subject Matter Expert:
Joan Vermillion
Interactive Design:
Lori Olson
Media Instructional Design:
Felicity Pearson
Instructional Design:
Celina Byers
Project Manager:
Alan Campbell
Resources: Research and Annotated Bibliographies
Content
•
Print
•
How do you approach a problem or issue within your organization? How often do you need
credible information to solve a personal or professional problem? Credible information is
information that is trustworthy. One of the best sources for credible information is the
professional literature of the field you are studying; in your case, health care. Professional
literature is research that has been written and reviewed by other people in your field.
The following resources can help you as you complete your research and seek out professional literature
on a health care topic.
•
Gennaro, S. (2016). Why write? Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 48(2), 117.
•
National Institutes of Health, U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2017). Evidence-based
practice and health technology assessment. Retrieved from
https://www.nlm.nih.gov/hsrinfo/evidence_based_practice.html
•
Rollins, J. A. (2017). Healthcare: It’s “so complicated.” Pediatric Nursing, 43(2), 58, 102.
Each of the following Research Guides is written with a specific program in mind. The one for your
program can provide insights about researching topics related to your field.
•
Nursing (BSN) Library Research Guide.
•
Public Health Undergraduate Library Research Guide.
•
Health Care Administration Undergraduate Library Research Guide.
The following resources provide specific information about annotated bibliographies.
•
What Not To Do: Source Material for the Annotated Bibliography | Transcript.
•
Sample Annotated Bibliography [PDF].
Running head: APPLYING RESEARCH SKILLS
Applying Research Skills
Learner’s Name
Capella University
Developing a Health Care Perspective
Applying Research Skills
February, 2018
Copyright ©2018 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited.
1
Comment [A1]: You effectively used the APA
Template paper format.
APPLYING RESEARCH SKILLS
2
Applying Research Skills
With the advent of new technologies and treatment methods, health care organizations
are facing many challenges. Patient safety is one such challenge that needs to be addressed not
only by health care professionals but also by other stakeholders in the business. Ensuring patient
safety is essential for providing quality health care.
As a medical transcriptionist, I am responsible for converting voice-recorded reports of
health care professionals into text. Although I am not directly involved in treating patients, any
errors that occur during the transcription process could result in inaccurate documentation of
medical data. For example, one of my colleagues documented the dosage of Lasix as 400 mg
instead of 40 mg in a discharge summary. When the health care professional who had dictated
the report reviewed it, he was able to spot the error in the dosage and correct it, which helped
prevent the patient from having a dangerous reaction to the incorrect dosage. This incident
helped me realize the importance of preparing accurate documents for ensuring patient safety
and delivering quality care. I developed a keen interest in issues relating to patient safety ever
since.
Identifying Academic Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles
Using Summon, Capella University Library’s search engine, I accessed databases relating
to health care, such as ProQuest Central and PubMed Central. I used keywords such as health
care issues, patient safety, and quality of care to search for peer-reviewed literature relevant to
patient safety. Using the advanced search option, I limited my search to scholarly and peerreviewed journals, choosing journal article as the publication type, medicine and nursing as the
subjects, and articles published within the last five years as the publication date range.
Copyright ©2018 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited.
Comment [A2]: You effectively summarized a
health care problem and described an interest in the
topic, and provided an informative example.
APPLYING RESEARCH SKILLS
3
Assessing Credibility and Relevance of Information Sources
Comment [A3]: Sub-headers are a helpful
resource to use to organize your writing!
To ensure credibility, I selected peer-reviewed journal articles that were published within
the past five years. I made sure that the selected sources were published by authors who were
well-known in the field of health care and had extensive professional experience.
Comment [A4]: As you noted, it is best to select
current peer-reviewed academic journal articles to
ensure current practices.
To ensure that the chosen sources of information were relevant to the topic, I confirmed
that they contained accepted facts and opinions on issues relating to patient safety and quality
care. I also checked whether each information source had a clearly defined purpose and
contained pertinent information about patient safety and quality care.
Annotated Bibliography
Kronick, R., Arnold, S., & Brady, J. (2016, August 2). Improving safety for hospitalized patients:
Much progress but many challenges remain. The JAMA Network, 316(5), 489–490.
Retrieved from https://jamanetworkcom.library.capella.edu/journals/jama/fullarticle/2528945
This article provides a viewpoint on the progress that hospitals have made toward
reducing patient harm and understand the factors that have led to this progress. The
authors cite reports released by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)
and the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) to analyze the occurrence of issues
relating to patient safety in hospitals. The authors hypothesize that improvement in health
care safety for hospitalized patients may have been possible because of reasons such as
an awareness of the importance of improving safety culture with evidence-based
suggestions. The authors conclude by expressing the need for finding ways to maintain or
accelerate the rate of decline in adverse events relating to patient harm. They believe that
Copyright ©2018 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited.
Comment [A5]: In your annotation, you
effectively identified the purpose of the article.
APPLYING RESEARCH SKILLS
4
investing in patient safety research programs and ensuring that patient safety remains a
high priority for hospital leadership teams can help reduce the number of adverse events.
This article is relevant to patient safety because it examines evidence of reduction in
patient harms in hospitals and offers approaches to reduce such harms.
Morris, S., Otto, N. C., & Golemboski, K. (2013). Improving patient safety and healthcare
quality in the 21st century—Competencies required of future medical laboratory science
practitioners. Clinical Laboratory Science, 26(4), 200–204. Retrieved from https://searchproquestcom.library.capella.edu/docview/1530677721/fulltextPDF/CF6F9C5B900402CPQ/1?acc
ountid=27965
In this article, the authors express their concern about health care professionals,
particularly medical laboratory science (MLS) practitioners, being insufficiently trained
to achieve the five core competencies that the Institute of Medicine (IOM) identified in
2002. The authors discuss ways to incorporate patient safety practices and concepts in the
MLS curricula to ensure that future MLS practitioners are well-versed in the abovementioned competencies identified by the IOM. The authors conclude that by focusing on
the aims and competencies identified by the IOM, future practitioners will be better
equipped to deal with patient safety concerns while practicing MLS. This article was
chosen because it offers a solution for dealing with patient safety issues and explains how
patient safety concepts can be incorporated in the curricula for courses pertaining to
Copyright ©2018 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited.
Comment [A6]: In your annotation, you clearly
summarized the main argument and the topics
covered.
APPLYING RESEARCH SKILLS
5
health care, such as MLS, to enable future health care practitioners to provide effective
health care.
Parand, A., Dopson, S., Renz, A., & Vincent, C. (2014). The role of hospital managers in quality
and patient safety: A systematic review. BMJ Open, 4(9). http://dx.doi.org/
10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005055
This article provides a systematic review of available empirical literature to understand
how health care managers are involved in delivering quality health care and ensuring
patient safety. Based on the literature review, the authors suggest that board-level
managers should spend more than 25% of their time on patient safety and quality to
ensure positive outcomes; however, most of the reviewed studies indicate that they spend
much less time than that. The authors also present a quality management input process
output (IPO) model, a framework that will help managers function effectively and
achieve health care quality and safety. The authors conclude that there is a need to make
certain changes in hospitals to ensure the active involvement of managers in quality
improvement. The article is relevant to patient safety because it discusses the role of
health care managers in influencing patient safety and quality care outcomes and also
Comment [A7]: In your annotation, you
effectively included the conclusions and findings of
the article.
proposes a model to help managers understand this role.
Ulrich, B., & Kear, T. (2014). Patient safety and patient safety culture: Foundations of excellent
health care delivery. Nephrology Nursing Journal, 41(5), 447–456, 505. Retrieved from
https://search-proquest-
Copyright ©2018 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited.
Comment [A8]: You listed the full reference for
the source in APA format (author, date, title,
publisher, et cetera) and used APA format for the
annotated bibliography. An impressive application
of APA formatting!
APPLYING RESEARCH SKILLS
6
com.library.capella.edu/docview/1617932572/fulltextPDF/1486CC30B3624B3CPQ/1?ac
countid=27965
This article provides a general understanding of the concepts of patient safety and patient
safety culture. The authors explain that the health care system is complex and patient
safety is the responsibility of every individual in a health care organization. They discuss
some tools that can be used to measure patient safety culture, for example, the Safety
Attitudes Questionnaire and the Patient Safety Culture Improvement Tool. They also
examine several strategies to encourage a patient safety culture, such as ensuring that
patient safety is given as much importance as other core business functions. This article
was chosen because it offers strategies for preventing adverse events relating to patient
safety and emphasizes the importance of teamwork within a health care organization to
ensure safe patient care.
Learnings From the Research
I gathered important facts and scholarly opinions about patient safety by going through
peer-reviewed journal articles. This research enriched my knowledge about patient safety. For
Comment [A9]: Peer-reviewed journal articles
are validated sources. Outstanding article choices!
example, after reading the article on improving safety for hospitalized patients by Kronick,
Arnold, and Brady (2016), I learned about patient harms (such as catheter-associated urinary
tract infections and pressure ulcers) that I was unaware of before this research. Further, by
creating an annotated bibliography, I was able to build a repository of scholarly resources
relating to patient safety. This will make it easier for me to choose relevant resources while
writing the paper on issues concerning patient safety.
Copyright ©2018 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited.
Comment [A10]: You effectively summarized
the main points learned from your research.
APPLYING RESEARCH SKILLS
7
References
Kronick, R., Arnold, S., & Brady, J. (2016, August 2). Improving safety for hospitalized patients:
Much progress but many challenges remain. The JAMA Network, 316(5), 489–490.
Retrieved from https://jamanetworkcom.library.capella.edu/journals/jama/fullarticle/2528945
Morris, S., Otto, N. C., & Golemboski, K. (2013). Improving patient safety and healthcare
quality in the 21st century—Competencies required of future medical laboratory science
practitioners. Clinical Laboratory Science, 26(4), 200–204. Retrieved from https://searchproquestcom.library.capella.edu/docview/1530677721/fulltextPDF/CF6F9C5B900402CPQ/1?acc
ountid=27965
Parand, A., Dopson, S., Renz, A., & Vincent, C. (2014). The role of hospital managers in quality
and patient safety: A systematic review. BMJ Open, 4(9). http://dx.doi.org/
10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005055
Ulrich, B., & Kear, T. (2014). Patient safety and patient safety culture: Foundations of excellent
health care delivery. Nephrology Nursing Journal, 41(5), 447–456, 505. Retrieved from
https://search-proquestcom.library.capella.edu/docview/1617932572/fulltextPDF/1486CC30B3624B3CPQ/1?ac
countid=27965
Copyright ©2018 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited.
Purchase answer to see full
attachment
Create a 3-5-page annotated bibliography and summary based on your research related to best
practices addressing a current health care problem or issue of interest to you.
In your professional life you will need to find credible evidence to support your decisions and your plans
of action. You will want to keep abreast of best practices to help your organization adapt to the everchanging health care environment. Being adept at research will help you find the information you need.
For this assessment, you will select and research a current health care problem or issue faced by a
health care organization.
Demonstration of Proficiency
Instructions
Note: The requirements outlined below correspond to the grading criteria in the scoring guide. At a
minimum, be sure to address each point. In addition, you are encouraged to review the performance
level descriptions for each criterion to see how your work will be assessed.
For this assessment, you will research best practices related to a current health care problem. Your
selected problem or issue will be utilized again in Assessment 3. To explore your chosen topic, you
should use the first two steps of the Socratic Problem-Solving Approach to aid your critical thinking.
1.
View the Assessment Topic Areas | Transcript media piece and select one of the health care
problems or issues in the media piece to research. Write a brief overview of the selected topic. In your
overview:
0. Describe the health care problem or issue.
1. Describe your interest in the topic.
2. Describe any professional experience you have with this topic.
2.
Conduct a search for scholarly or academic peer-reviewed literature related to the topic and
describe the criteria you used to search for articles, including the names of the databases you used.
0. You will want to access the applicable Undergraduate Library Research Guide
related to your degree (found at the NHS Learner Success Lab) for tips to help
you in your search.
1. Use keywords related to the health care problem or issue you are researching to
select relevant articles.
3.
Assess the credibility of the information sources you find.
0. Determine if the source is from an academic peer-reviewed journal.
1. Determine if the publication is current.
2. Determine if information in the academic peer-reviewed journal article is still
relevant.
4.
Select four current scholarly or academic peer-reviewed journal articles published during the
past three to five years that relate to your topic.
5.
Explain the relevance of the information sources.
0. Describe how the health care problem or issue is addressed in each source.
1. Discuss what kind of contribution each source provides on your selected topic.
6.
Analyze the scholarly literature or academic peer-reviewed journal articles using the annotated
bibliography organizational format.
0. The purpose of an annotated bibliography is to document a list of references
along with key information about each one. The detail about the reference is
the annotation. Developing this annotated bibliography will create a foundation
of knowledge about the selected topic.
1. List the full reference for the source in APA format (author, date, title, publisher,
et cetera) and use APA format for the annotated bibliography.
2. Make sure the references are listed in alphabetical order, are double-spaced,
and use hanging indents.
3. Follow the reference with the annotation.
7.
In your annotation:
0. Identify the purpose of the article.
1. Summarize the source:
o
What are the main arguments?
o
What topics are covered?
2. Include the conclusions and findings of the article.
3. Write your annotation in a paragraph form. The annotation should be
approximately 150 words (1 to 3 paragraphs) in length.
8.
In a separate paragraph or two at the end of the paper, summarize what you learned from your
research.
0. List the main points you learned from your research.
1. Summarize the main contributions of the sources you chose and how they
enhanced your knowledge about the topic.
Example Assessment: You may use the following to give you an idea of what a Proficient or higher rating
on the scoring guide would look like:
•
Assessment 2 Example [PDF].
Additional Requirements
10. Length: At least 3–5 typed, double-spaced pages, not including the title page and
reference page.
11. Font and font size: Times New Roman, 12 point.
12. APA Template: Use the APA template linked in the resources. Use the APA Style Paper
Template [DOCX] as the paper format and the APA Style Paper Tutorial [DOCX] for
guidance.
13. Written communication: Write clearly and logically, with correct use of spelling,
grammar, punctuation, and mechanics.
14. Content: Provide a title page and reference page following APA style.
15. References: Use at least four scholarly or academic peer-reviewed journal articles.
16. APA format: Follow current APA guidelines for in-text citation of outside sources in the
body of your paper and also on the reference page.
Note: Review the Applying Research Skills Scoring Guide for the grading criteria applied to this
assessment.
Assessment Topic Areas
Selecting a topic for your written assessments can be challenging, but it’s important to make a
thoughtful choice.
Choose a topic area of interest to you from the topic suggestions in this media piece. You will use this
topic to complete Assessments 2 and 3. Be sure to select a topic that will be manageable for a written
assessment.
To explore the chosen topic, you should use the Socratic Problem-Solving Approach, focusing on the
sections specifically called out in the assessment guidelines.
Topic 1: Limited Access to Healthcare
Short Description:
Consumers face barriers to healthcare access for assorted reasons. For example: due to geographic
location, provider availability, transportation issues and mobility.
Potential Intervention Approaches:
•
Healthcare information online
•
Telemedicine
•
In–home healthcare services
Keywords for Articles:
online health information seeking, health care access, health information systems, consumer health
information, chronic disease, health information search, health seeking behavior, rural nursing
References:
Bhandari, N. (2014). Seeking health information online: does limited healthcare access matter? Journal
of the American Medical Informatics Association: JAMIA (1067-5027), 21 (6), p. 1113. https://www-ncbinlm-nih-gov.library.capella.edu/pmc/articles/PMC4215038/
Lee, K., Hoti, K., Hughes, J. D., & Emmerton, L. (2014). Dr Google and the Consumer: A Qualitative Study
Exploring the Navigational Needs and Online Health Information-Seeking Behaviors of Consumers with
Chronic Health Conditions. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 16(12), e262.
http://doi.org.library.capella.edu/10.2196/jmir.3706
Ware, P., Bartlett, S. J., Paré, G., Symeonidis, I., Tannenbaum, C., Bartlett, G., … Ahmed, S. (2017). Using
eHealth Technologies: Interests, Preferences, and Concerns of Older Adults. Interactive Journal of
Medical Research, 6(1), e3. http://doi.org.library.capella.edu/10.2196/ijmr.4447
Pratt, D. (2015). Telehealth and telemedicine. Albany Law Journal of Science & Technology. (1059-4280),
25 (3), p. 495.
http://www.lexisnexis.com.library.capella.edu/hottopics/lnacademic/?shr=t&csi=148364&sr=TITLE(%22
Telehealth+telemedicine+in+2015%22)+and+date+is+2015
Topic 2: Healthcare Disparities
Short Description:
In 2010, the Federal Department of Human and Health Service (DHHS) launched the Healthy People
2020 goals to include a goal to eliminate health inequality/disparity. Healthy People 2020 defines a
health disparity as “a particular type of health difference that is closely linked with social, economic,
and/or environmental disadvantage. Health disparities adversely affect groups of people who have
systematically experienced greater obstacles to health based on their racial or ethnic group; religion;
socioeconomic status; gender; age; mental health; cognitive, sensory, or physical disability; sexual
orientation or gender identity; geographic location; or other characteristics historically linked to
discrimination or exclusion” (Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 2017, p.1).
Potential Intervention Approaches:
•
Federal goals
•
Community health improvement plans
•
Patient advocacy efforts
•
“Triple Aim” for populations
Keywords for Articles:
health disparities, community health assessment, community health improvement plan, strategic
planning, local health departments, health inequities
References:
Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (2017). Disparities. Retrieved from
https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/about/foundation-health-measures/disparities
Shah G.H., & Sheahan J.P. (2016). Local health departments’ activities to address health disparities and
inequities: Are we moving in the right direction? International Journal of Environmental Research and
Public Health. 2016; 13(1):44. http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/13/1/44
Institute for Healthcare Improvement. (2017). Triple Aim for Populations.
http://www.ihi.org/Topics/TripleAim/Pages/Overview.aspx
Topic 3: Medication Errors
Short Description:
A medication error is a preventable adverse effect of a patient taking the wrong medication or dosage,
whether or not it is evident or harmful to the patient. Medication errors can be a source of serious
patient harm, including death.
Potential Intervention Approaches:
•
Medical staff education
•
Packaging improvements
•
Patient medication safety training
Keywords for Articles:
medication administration, medication errors, medication safety
References:
Cohen, M. (2016). Medication errors (miscellaneous). Nursing. 46(2):72, February 2016. DOI:
10.1097/01.NURSE.0000476239.09094.06
Institute for Healthcare Improvement. (2017). Improve Core Processes for Administering Medications.
http://www.ihi.org/resources/Pages/Changes/ImproveCoreProcessesforAdministeringMedications.aspx
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2012). Table 6: Categories of Medication Error
Classification. http://www.ahrq.gov/professionals/quality-patient-safety/patient-safetyresources/resources/match/matchtab6.html
Schmidt, K., Taylor, A., & Pearson, A. (2017). Reduction of medication errors: A unique approach. Journal
of Nursing Care Quality. 32(2), April/June 2017, 150–156.
Topic 4: Healthcare System Errors
Short Description:
The health care system in the United States has been the subject of much debate as experts try to
determine the best way to deliver high-quality care. In Crossing the Quality Chasm, the Institute of
Medicine (2001) called for the redesign of health care delivery systems and their external environments
to promote care that is safe, effective, patient-centered, timely, efficient, and equitable.
Potential Intervention Approaches:
•
Systemwide transformation
•
Process redesign
•
Electronic health records
Keywords for Articles:
multi-stakeholder collaboration, healthcare system redesign
References:
Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Quality of Health Care in America. (2001). Crossing the Quality
Chasm: A New Health System for the 21st Century. Washington (DC): National Academies Press
(US).Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2017). Hospitals and Health Systems.
http://www.ahrq.gov/professionals/systems/index.html
Roberts, B. (2017). Relationship-based care: The institute of medicine’s core competencies in action.
Creative Nursing, 05/2016, 22(2).
Credits
Subject Matter Expert:
Joan Vermillion
Interactive Design:
Lori Olson
Media Instructional Design:
Felicity Pearson
Instructional Design:
Celina Byers
Project Manager:
Alan Campbell
Resources: Research and Annotated Bibliographies
Content
•
•
How do you approach a problem or issue within your organization? How often do you need
credible information to solve a personal or professional problem? Credible information is
information that is trustworthy. One of the best sources for credible information is the
professional literature of the field you are studying; in your case, health care. Professional
literature is research that has been written and reviewed by other people in your field.
The following resources can help you as you complete your research and seek out professional literature
on a health care topic.
•
Gennaro, S. (2016). Why write? Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 48(2), 117.
•
National Institutes of Health, U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2017). Evidence-based
practice and health technology assessment. Retrieved from
https://www.nlm.nih.gov/hsrinfo/evidence_based_practice.html
•
Rollins, J. A. (2017). Healthcare: It’s “so complicated.” Pediatric Nursing, 43(2), 58, 102.
Each of the following Research Guides is written with a specific program in mind. The one for your
program can provide insights about researching topics related to your field.
•
Nursing (BSN) Library Research Guide.
•
Public Health Undergraduate Library Research Guide.
•
Health Care Administration Undergraduate Library Research Guide.
The following resources provide specific information about annotated bibliographies.
•
What Not To Do: Source Material for the Annotated Bibliography | Transcript.
•
Sample Annotated Bibliography [PDF].
Running head: APPLYING RESEARCH SKILLS
Applying Research Skills
Learner’s Name
Capella University
Developing a Health Care Perspective
Applying Research Skills
February, 2018
Copyright ©2018 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited.
1
Comment [A1]: You effectively used the APA
Template paper format.
APPLYING RESEARCH SKILLS
2
Applying Research Skills
With the advent of new technologies and treatment methods, health care organizations
are facing many challenges. Patient safety is one such challenge that needs to be addressed not
only by health care professionals but also by other stakeholders in the business. Ensuring patient
safety is essential for providing quality health care.
As a medical transcriptionist, I am responsible for converting voice-recorded reports of
health care professionals into text. Although I am not directly involved in treating patients, any
errors that occur during the transcription process could result in inaccurate documentation of
medical data. For example, one of my colleagues documented the dosage of Lasix as 400 mg
instead of 40 mg in a discharge summary. When the health care professional who had dictated
the report reviewed it, he was able to spot the error in the dosage and correct it, which helped
prevent the patient from having a dangerous reaction to the incorrect dosage. This incident
helped me realize the importance of preparing accurate documents for ensuring patient safety
and delivering quality care. I developed a keen interest in issues relating to patient safety ever
since.
Identifying Academic Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles
Using Summon, Capella University Library’s search engine, I accessed databases relating
to health care, such as ProQuest Central and PubMed Central. I used keywords such as health
care issues, patient safety, and quality of care to search for peer-reviewed literature relevant to
patient safety. Using the advanced search option, I limited my search to scholarly and peerreviewed journals, choosing journal article as the publication type, medicine and nursing as the
subjects, and articles published within the last five years as the publication date range.
Copyright ©2018 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited.
Comment [A2]: You effectively summarized a
health care problem and described an interest in the
topic, and provided an informative example.
APPLYING RESEARCH SKILLS
3
Assessing Credibility and Relevance of Information Sources
Comment [A3]: Sub-headers are a helpful
resource to use to organize your writing!
To ensure credibility, I selected peer-reviewed journal articles that were published within
the past five years. I made sure that the selected sources were published by authors who were
well-known in the field of health care and had extensive professional experience.
Comment [A4]: As you noted, it is best to select
current peer-reviewed academic journal articles to
ensure current practices.
To ensure that the chosen sources of information were relevant to the topic, I confirmed
that they contained accepted facts and opinions on issues relating to patient safety and quality
care. I also checked whether each information source had a clearly defined purpose and
contained pertinent information about patient safety and quality care.
Annotated Bibliography
Kronick, R., Arnold, S., & Brady, J. (2016, August 2). Improving safety for hospitalized patients:
Much progress but many challenges remain. The JAMA Network, 316(5), 489–490.
Retrieved from https://jamanetworkcom.library.capella.edu/journals/jama/fullarticle/2528945
This article provides a viewpoint on the progress that hospitals have made toward
reducing patient harm and understand the factors that have led to this progress. The
authors cite reports released by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)
and the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) to analyze the occurrence of issues
relating to patient safety in hospitals. The authors hypothesize that improvement in health
care safety for hospitalized patients may have been possible because of reasons such as
an awareness of the importance of improving safety culture with evidence-based
suggestions. The authors conclude by expressing the need for finding ways to maintain or
accelerate the rate of decline in adverse events relating to patient harm. They believe that
Copyright ©2018 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited.
Comment [A5]: In your annotation, you
effectively identified the purpose of the article.
APPLYING RESEARCH SKILLS
4
investing in patient safety research programs and ensuring that patient safety remains a
high priority for hospital leadership teams can help reduce the number of adverse events.
This article is relevant to patient safety because it examines evidence of reduction in
patient harms in hospitals and offers approaches to reduce such harms.
Morris, S., Otto, N. C., & Golemboski, K. (2013). Improving patient safety and healthcare
quality in the 21st century—Competencies required of future medical laboratory science
practitioners. Clinical Laboratory Science, 26(4), 200–204. Retrieved from https://searchproquestcom.library.capella.edu/docview/1530677721/fulltextPDF/CF6F9C5B900402CPQ/1?acc
ountid=27965
In this article, the authors express their concern about health care professionals,
particularly medical laboratory science (MLS) practitioners, being insufficiently trained
to achieve the five core competencies that the Institute of Medicine (IOM) identified in
2002. The authors discuss ways to incorporate patient safety practices and concepts in the
MLS curricula to ensure that future MLS practitioners are well-versed in the abovementioned competencies identified by the IOM. The authors conclude that by focusing on
the aims and competencies identified by the IOM, future practitioners will be better
equipped to deal with patient safety concerns while practicing MLS. This article was
chosen because it offers a solution for dealing with patient safety issues and explains how
patient safety concepts can be incorporated in the curricula for courses pertaining to
Copyright ©2018 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited.
Comment [A6]: In your annotation, you clearly
summarized the main argument and the topics
covered.
APPLYING RESEARCH SKILLS
5
health care, such as MLS, to enable future health care practitioners to provide effective
health care.
Parand, A., Dopson, S., Renz, A., & Vincent, C. (2014). The role of hospital managers in quality
and patient safety: A systematic review. BMJ Open, 4(9). http://dx.doi.org/
10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005055
This article provides a systematic review of available empirical literature to understand
how health care managers are involved in delivering quality health care and ensuring
patient safety. Based on the literature review, the authors suggest that board-level
managers should spend more than 25% of their time on patient safety and quality to
ensure positive outcomes; however, most of the reviewed studies indicate that they spend
much less time than that. The authors also present a quality management input process
output (IPO) model, a framework that will help managers function effectively and
achieve health care quality and safety. The authors conclude that there is a need to make
certain changes in hospitals to ensure the active involvement of managers in quality
improvement. The article is relevant to patient safety because it discusses the role of
health care managers in influencing patient safety and quality care outcomes and also
Comment [A7]: In your annotation, you
effectively included the conclusions and findings of
the article.
proposes a model to help managers understand this role.
Ulrich, B., & Kear, T. (2014). Patient safety and patient safety culture: Foundations of excellent
health care delivery. Nephrology Nursing Journal, 41(5), 447–456, 505. Retrieved from
https://search-proquest-
Copyright ©2018 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited.
Comment [A8]: You listed the full reference for
the source in APA format (author, date, title,
publisher, et cetera) and used APA format for the
annotated bibliography. An impressive application
of APA formatting!
APPLYING RESEARCH SKILLS
6
com.library.capella.edu/docview/1617932572/fulltextPDF/1486CC30B3624B3CPQ/1?ac
countid=27965
This article provides a general understanding of the concepts of patient safety and patient
safety culture. The authors explain that the health care system is complex and patient
safety is the responsibility of every individual in a health care organization. They discuss
some tools that can be used to measure patient safety culture, for example, the Safety
Attitudes Questionnaire and the Patient Safety Culture Improvement Tool. They also
examine several strategies to encourage a patient safety culture, such as ensuring that
patient safety is given as much importance as other core business functions. This article
was chosen because it offers strategies for preventing adverse events relating to patient
safety and emphasizes the importance of teamwork within a health care organization to
ensure safe patient care.
Learnings From the Research
I gathered important facts and scholarly opinions about patient safety by going through
peer-reviewed journal articles. This research enriched my knowledge about patient safety. For
Comment [A9]: Peer-reviewed journal articles
are validated sources. Outstanding article choices!
example, after reading the article on improving safety for hospitalized patients by Kronick,
Arnold, and Brady (2016), I learned about patient harms (such as catheter-associated urinary
tract infections and pressure ulcers) that I was unaware of before this research. Further, by
creating an annotated bibliography, I was able to build a repository of scholarly resources
relating to patient safety. This will make it easier for me to choose relevant resources while
writing the paper on issues concerning patient safety.
Copyright ©2018 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited.
Comment [A10]: You effectively summarized
the main points learned from your research.
APPLYING RESEARCH SKILLS
7
References
Kronick, R., Arnold, S., & Brady, J. (2016, August 2). Improving safety for hospitalized patients:
Much progress but many challenges remain. The JAMA Network, 316(5), 489–490.
Retrieved from https://jamanetworkcom.library.capella.edu/journals/jama/fullarticle/2528945
Morris, S., Otto, N. C., & Golemboski, K. (2013). Improving patient safety and healthcare
quality in the 21st century—Competencies required of future medical laboratory science
practitioners. Clinical Laboratory Science, 26(4), 200–204. Retrieved from https://searchproquestcom.library.capella.edu/docview/1530677721/fulltextPDF/CF6F9C5B900402CPQ/1?acc
ountid=27965
Parand, A., Dopson, S., Renz, A., & Vincent, C. (2014). The role of hospital managers in quality
and patient safety: A systematic review. BMJ Open, 4(9). http://dx.doi.org/
10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005055
Ulrich, B., & Kear, T. (2014). Patient safety and patient safety culture: Foundations of excellent
health care delivery. Nephrology Nursing Journal, 41(5), 447–456, 505. Retrieved from
https://search-proquestcom.library.capella.edu/docview/1617932572/fulltextPDF/1486CC30B3624B3CPQ/1?ac
countid=27965
Copyright ©2018 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited.
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