Description
Have you ever gone online to search for a journal article on a specific topic? It is amazing to see the large number of journals that are available in the health care field. When you view the library in its entirety, you are viewing untapped data. Until you actually research for your particular topic, there is little structure. Once you have narrowed it down, you have information and once you apply the information, you have knowledge. Eventually, after thoughtful research and diligent practice, you reach the level of wisdom—knowledge applied in meaningful ways.
Are there areas in your practice that you believe should be more fully explored? The central aims of nursing informatics are to manage and communicate data, information, knowledge, and wisdom. This continuum represents the overarching structure of nursing informatics. In this Assignment, you develop a research question relevant to your practice area and relate how you would work through the progression from data to information, knowledge, and wisdom.
To prepare:
- Review the information in Figure 6–1 in Nursing Informatics and the Foundation of Knowledge.
- Develop a clinical question related to your area of practice that you would like to explore.
- Consider what you currently know about this topic. What additional information would you need to answer the question?
- Using the continuum of data, information, knowledge, and wisdom, determine how you would go about researching your question.
- Explore the available databases in the Walden Library. Identify which of these databases you would use to find the information or data you need.
- Once you have identified useful databases, how would you go about finding the most relevant articles and information?
- Consider how you would extract the relevant information from the articles.
- How would you take the information and organize it in a way that was useful? How could you take the step from simply having useful knowledge to gaining wisdom?
Write a 3- to 4-page paper that addresses the following:
- Summarize the question you developed, and then relate how you would work through the four steps of the data, information, knowledge, wisdom continuum. Be specific.
- Identify the databases and search words you would use.
- Relate how you would take the information gleaned and turn it into useable knowledge.
- Can informatics be used to gain wisdom? Describe how you would progress from simply having useful knowledge to the wisdom to make decisions about the information you have found during your database search.
Your paper must also include a title page, an introduction, a summary, and a reference page.
Running head: DATA/INFORMATION/KNOWLEDGE/WISDOM CONTINUUM
Using the Data/Information/Knowledge/Wisdom Continuum
Stanley Okeyemi
Walden University
NURS 6051: Transforming Nursing and Healthcare through Technology
December 25th, 2016
1
DATA/INFORMATION/KNOWLEDGE/WISDOM CONTINUUM
2
The purpose of this paper is to develop a research question relevant to my area of
practice, and then relate how the information gathered would progress through the Data,
Information, Knowledge and Wisdom continuum.
According to McGonigle and Mastrian (2015), the foundation of research and many tasks
we perform in nursing starts with the collection of data. Data represents the basis of collective
information nurses depends on to propel their actions to interventions. We can somewhat
correlate this instance to the nursing process, whereby the diagnosing, planning, implementing,
and evaluating steps in this process, is preceded by an assessment. An assessment can be termed
a collection of data objectively and subjectively used to generate an idea of the intervention
necessary for us to make on a patient. For the purpose of this paper, the goal is to finally use this
raw data, to attain knowledge and Wisdom.
Developing a Clinical Question and Data Collection
Safety and time management are two essential factors that nurses pay or need to pay
attention to in delivering quality care to patients. One of the safety measures that nurses are less
scrutinized for in an occurrence is patient falls. Compared to other safety measures implemented
in a clinical setting that nurses are reprimanded for, such as medication errors, unprofessional
conduct, abuse, neglect and a host of other negative work ethics, patient falls has acquired less
attention of accountability on caregivers. Although, many falls in hospitals are underreported due
to fear, ignorance, or inefficient time of nurses to undergo the post-fall procedures which could
average about 30 minutes to one hour on the floor where I currently work for, but may vary on
other floors and institutions. The topic I came up with, and would like to explore for this paper is
fall awareness and communication on continuous care routine. The clinical question I
formulated for this topic was; does Q-shift fall risk assessment, and effective communication
DATA/INFORMATION/KNOWLEDGE/WISDOM CONTINUUM
3
minimizes falls among the patient population? To locate some data for this topic, the literature
search was limited to keyword searches on falls, patient safety, nursing, and communication. The
Data –base used was CINAHL Plus with the Full-Text database in the Walden University
Library. To transform this data into information, one needs to process and arrange it into more
manageable structures, while interpreting the meanings of individual data points (Laureate,
2012a). The step of acquiring data was carefully and systematically carried out to be sure about
the facts generated from the articles I selected.
The Transformation of Data to Information
The goal of medical institutions shoots to ensure and improve quality care and patient
safety. According to the Joint Commission Sentinel Event Alert 55, any patient of any age or
physical ability can be at risk for a fall due to physiological changes due to a medical condition,
medications, surgery, procedures, or diagnostic testing that can leave them weakened or
confused. Many research articles and reports reveal that patient falls have been an alarming rate.
Lopez, Gerling, Cary, and Kanak (2010) in their work, stated that “patient falls are adverse
events that are largely preventable. The magnitude of adverse events in US hospitals was
described in the Institute of Medicine’s (IOM) report of healthcare errors, which estimated that
48 000 to 98 000 patient deaths occur yearly due to preventable medical errors”. These authors
recognize fall as a healthcare error that is predictable, and simple patient risk assessment tools
can predict over 70%. It is estimated that 15-30% of patient falls causes fractures requiring a
cast, traction or surgery, but these estimates do not include other serious injuries and, in some
cases, death related to falls (Lopez, Gerling, Cary, and Kanak 2010). Sand-Jecklin and Sherman
(2014), stated the Joint Commission identified miscommunication as one of the responsible
factors for sentinel events, with a majority of miscommunications occurring during the handoff
DATA/INFORMATION/KNOWLEDGE/WISDOM CONTINUUM
4
of a patient to another nurse. Adopting a fall awareness and communication on continuous care
management routine ensures that accurate information about a patient is passed on to another
nurse, thus providing an opportunity for the caregivers to render the best quality care to patients
entrusted to their care.
The Progression of Information to Knowledge
According to McGonigle and Mastrian (2015), Knowledge is the fusion of information
gathered to detect and formalize a relationship. With these information collected about the
estimated deaths and fractures occurring from falls, and also the predictability of the event, not
also forgetting my personal experiences with fall preventions and outcomes, it is now
knowledgeable to me that falls cannot be eradicated, but can be contained and reduced with
better communication among caregivers and completing a Q-shift fall assessment risk. In
developing knowledge about an issue, one must recognize patterns, contrasts, abnormalities, and
historical facts, based on the juxtaposition of separate sets of information (Laureate Education,
2012a). During my research, brainstorming played a key factor in analyzing what would be
beneficial for a therapeutic outcome of patients prone to falls, while also considering some
factors that might impact nurses in successfully performing this task to expectation, like for
instance, in the work of Lopez, Gerling, Cary, and Kanak (2010), on fall prevention, it was stated
that “throughout this study the nurses reported high levels of temporal demand, effort, and
frustration in their workload. One component of workload is staffing”.
The Progression of Knowledge to Wisdom
According to McGonigle and Mastrian (2015), Wisdom is the appropriate application of
knowledge to the management and solution of human problems.” With substantial evidence
gathered from the data, information, and knowledge phase, progressing to wisdom, I conclude
DATA/INFORMATION/KNOWLEDGE/WISDOM CONTINUUM
5
that Q-shift fall risk assessment and effective communication reduces falls among patient
population due to some simple rectifiable factors in conjunction with some complex systematic
ones. Lopez, Gerling, Cary, and Kanak (2010) in their work to reduce falls stated, some of the
factors identified can be rectified rather simply, as in the case of standardizing hand-offs between
nurses and nurse assistants. Other factors such as limitations in the physical environment, lack of
capability in the MIS, ineffective bed alarms, and unique aspects of nursing workload are more
systemic and require complex solutions. These factors were narrowed down and complimented,
as I reviewed the article of Neiman, Rannie, Thrasher, Terry, and Kahn (2011), stating that
incorporating the fall-risk assessment into an existing electronic nursing documentation system
likely enhances the acceptance of and compliance with the risk assessment tool and
interventions.
Summary
McGonigle and Mastrian (2015) states, an understanding of the interaction between
nurses and technology makes it possible for nurses to generate knowledge, and transform that
knowledge into their daily nursing practice The concept of managing and communicating data,
information, knowledge, and wisdom continuum as a guide for nursing research plays a
significant role in nurse intervention in informatics. According to Godlock (2016), although all
inpatient falls may not be preventable, impact can be made by raising situational awareness,
increasing mutual support, engaging leaders, encouraging open communication, and providing
frontline staff education and involvement. The wisdom to bring into meaning the elements
gathered from the inception of group data for my research topic has brought into light that Qshift fall risk assessment and effective communication minimizes falls among patient population,
hence promoting a safer nursing practice.
DATA/INFORMATION/KNOWLEDGE/WISDOM CONTINUUM
6
References
McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2015). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge
(3rd ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning
Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2012a). Data, information, knowledge, and
Wisdom continuum. Baltimore, MD: Author.
Sentinel Event Alert 55: Preventing falls and fall-related injuries in health care facilities
https://www.jointcommission.org/sea_issue_55/
Lopez, K. D., Gerling, G. J., Cary, M. P., & Kanak, M. F. (2010). Cognitive work analysis to
evaluate the problem of patient falls in an inpatient setting. Journal Of The American
Medical Informatics Association: JAMIA, 17(3), 313-321.
doi:10.1136/jamia.2009.000422
Sand-Jecklin, K., & Sherman, J. (2014). A quantitative assessment of patient and nurse outcomes
of bedside nursing report implementation. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 23(19/20), 28542863. doi:10.1111/jocn.12575
Neiman, J., Rannie, M., Thrasher, J., Terry, K., & Kahn, M. G. (2011). Development,
implementation, and evaluation of a comprehensive fall risk program. Journal For
Specialists In Pediatric Nursing, 16(2), 130-139. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6155.2011.00277.x
Godlock, G. (2016). Implementation of an Evidence-Based Patient Safety Team to Prevent Falls
in Inpatient Medical Units. MEDSURG Nursing, 25(1), 17-23.
Purchase answer to see full
attachment
Using the Data/Information/Knowledge/Wisdom Continuum
Stanley Okeyemi
Walden University
NURS 6051: Transforming Nursing and Healthcare through Technology
December 25th, 2016
1
DATA/INFORMATION/KNOWLEDGE/WISDOM CONTINUUM
2
The purpose of this paper is to develop a research question relevant to my area of
practice, and then relate how the information gathered would progress through the Data,
Information, Knowledge and Wisdom continuum.
According to McGonigle and Mastrian (2015), the foundation of research and many tasks
we perform in nursing starts with the collection of data. Data represents the basis of collective
information nurses depends on to propel their actions to interventions. We can somewhat
correlate this instance to the nursing process, whereby the diagnosing, planning, implementing,
and evaluating steps in this process, is preceded by an assessment. An assessment can be termed
a collection of data objectively and subjectively used to generate an idea of the intervention
necessary for us to make on a patient. For the purpose of this paper, the goal is to finally use this
raw data, to attain knowledge and Wisdom.
Developing a Clinical Question and Data Collection
Safety and time management are two essential factors that nurses pay or need to pay
attention to in delivering quality care to patients. One of the safety measures that nurses are less
scrutinized for in an occurrence is patient falls. Compared to other safety measures implemented
in a clinical setting that nurses are reprimanded for, such as medication errors, unprofessional
conduct, abuse, neglect and a host of other negative work ethics, patient falls has acquired less
attention of accountability on caregivers. Although, many falls in hospitals are underreported due
to fear, ignorance, or inefficient time of nurses to undergo the post-fall procedures which could
average about 30 minutes to one hour on the floor where I currently work for, but may vary on
other floors and institutions. The topic I came up with, and would like to explore for this paper is
fall awareness and communication on continuous care routine. The clinical question I
formulated for this topic was; does Q-shift fall risk assessment, and effective communication
DATA/INFORMATION/KNOWLEDGE/WISDOM CONTINUUM
3
minimizes falls among the patient population? To locate some data for this topic, the literature
search was limited to keyword searches on falls, patient safety, nursing, and communication. The
Data –base used was CINAHL Plus with the Full-Text database in the Walden University
Library. To transform this data into information, one needs to process and arrange it into more
manageable structures, while interpreting the meanings of individual data points (Laureate,
2012a). The step of acquiring data was carefully and systematically carried out to be sure about
the facts generated from the articles I selected.
The Transformation of Data to Information
The goal of medical institutions shoots to ensure and improve quality care and patient
safety. According to the Joint Commission Sentinel Event Alert 55, any patient of any age or
physical ability can be at risk for a fall due to physiological changes due to a medical condition,
medications, surgery, procedures, or diagnostic testing that can leave them weakened or
confused. Many research articles and reports reveal that patient falls have been an alarming rate.
Lopez, Gerling, Cary, and Kanak (2010) in their work, stated that “patient falls are adverse
events that are largely preventable. The magnitude of adverse events in US hospitals was
described in the Institute of Medicine’s (IOM) report of healthcare errors, which estimated that
48 000 to 98 000 patient deaths occur yearly due to preventable medical errors”. These authors
recognize fall as a healthcare error that is predictable, and simple patient risk assessment tools
can predict over 70%. It is estimated that 15-30% of patient falls causes fractures requiring a
cast, traction or surgery, but these estimates do not include other serious injuries and, in some
cases, death related to falls (Lopez, Gerling, Cary, and Kanak 2010). Sand-Jecklin and Sherman
(2014), stated the Joint Commission identified miscommunication as one of the responsible
factors for sentinel events, with a majority of miscommunications occurring during the handoff
DATA/INFORMATION/KNOWLEDGE/WISDOM CONTINUUM
4
of a patient to another nurse. Adopting a fall awareness and communication on continuous care
management routine ensures that accurate information about a patient is passed on to another
nurse, thus providing an opportunity for the caregivers to render the best quality care to patients
entrusted to their care.
The Progression of Information to Knowledge
According to McGonigle and Mastrian (2015), Knowledge is the fusion of information
gathered to detect and formalize a relationship. With these information collected about the
estimated deaths and fractures occurring from falls, and also the predictability of the event, not
also forgetting my personal experiences with fall preventions and outcomes, it is now
knowledgeable to me that falls cannot be eradicated, but can be contained and reduced with
better communication among caregivers and completing a Q-shift fall assessment risk. In
developing knowledge about an issue, one must recognize patterns, contrasts, abnormalities, and
historical facts, based on the juxtaposition of separate sets of information (Laureate Education,
2012a). During my research, brainstorming played a key factor in analyzing what would be
beneficial for a therapeutic outcome of patients prone to falls, while also considering some
factors that might impact nurses in successfully performing this task to expectation, like for
instance, in the work of Lopez, Gerling, Cary, and Kanak (2010), on fall prevention, it was stated
that “throughout this study the nurses reported high levels of temporal demand, effort, and
frustration in their workload. One component of workload is staffing”.
The Progression of Knowledge to Wisdom
According to McGonigle and Mastrian (2015), Wisdom is the appropriate application of
knowledge to the management and solution of human problems.” With substantial evidence
gathered from the data, information, and knowledge phase, progressing to wisdom, I conclude
DATA/INFORMATION/KNOWLEDGE/WISDOM CONTINUUM
5
that Q-shift fall risk assessment and effective communication reduces falls among patient
population due to some simple rectifiable factors in conjunction with some complex systematic
ones. Lopez, Gerling, Cary, and Kanak (2010) in their work to reduce falls stated, some of the
factors identified can be rectified rather simply, as in the case of standardizing hand-offs between
nurses and nurse assistants. Other factors such as limitations in the physical environment, lack of
capability in the MIS, ineffective bed alarms, and unique aspects of nursing workload are more
systemic and require complex solutions. These factors were narrowed down and complimented,
as I reviewed the article of Neiman, Rannie, Thrasher, Terry, and Kahn (2011), stating that
incorporating the fall-risk assessment into an existing electronic nursing documentation system
likely enhances the acceptance of and compliance with the risk assessment tool and
interventions.
Summary
McGonigle and Mastrian (2015) states, an understanding of the interaction between
nurses and technology makes it possible for nurses to generate knowledge, and transform that
knowledge into their daily nursing practice The concept of managing and communicating data,
information, knowledge, and wisdom continuum as a guide for nursing research plays a
significant role in nurse intervention in informatics. According to Godlock (2016), although all
inpatient falls may not be preventable, impact can be made by raising situational awareness,
increasing mutual support, engaging leaders, encouraging open communication, and providing
frontline staff education and involvement. The wisdom to bring into meaning the elements
gathered from the inception of group data for my research topic has brought into light that Qshift fall risk assessment and effective communication minimizes falls among patient population,
hence promoting a safer nursing practice.
DATA/INFORMATION/KNOWLEDGE/WISDOM CONTINUUM
6
References
McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2015). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge
(3rd ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning
Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2012a). Data, information, knowledge, and
Wisdom continuum. Baltimore, MD: Author.
Sentinel Event Alert 55: Preventing falls and fall-related injuries in health care facilities
https://www.jointcommission.org/sea_issue_55/
Lopez, K. D., Gerling, G. J., Cary, M. P., & Kanak, M. F. (2010). Cognitive work analysis to
evaluate the problem of patient falls in an inpatient setting. Journal Of The American
Medical Informatics Association: JAMIA, 17(3), 313-321.
doi:10.1136/jamia.2009.000422
Sand-Jecklin, K., & Sherman, J. (2014). A quantitative assessment of patient and nurse outcomes
of bedside nursing report implementation. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 23(19/20), 28542863. doi:10.1111/jocn.12575
Neiman, J., Rannie, M., Thrasher, J., Terry, K., & Kahn, M. G. (2011). Development,
implementation, and evaluation of a comprehensive fall risk program. Journal For
Specialists In Pediatric Nursing, 16(2), 130-139. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6155.2011.00277.x
Godlock, G. (2016). Implementation of an Evidence-Based Patient Safety Team to Prevent Falls
in Inpatient Medical Units. MEDSURG Nursing, 25(1), 17-23.
Purchase answer to see full
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